Trees and shrubs Plant deciduous and evergreen shrubs. Also plant trees (not conifers); protect in exposed sites with protection sheeting and canes.  Prune conifers.  Take hardwood cuttings of all shrubs.

Roses Plant at end of month.  [...]]]> Lawns Lay turf for new lawns.  Increase height of mower blades for cutting. Keep lawn from debris. Top dress with sand.

Trees and shrubs Plant deciduous and evergreen shrubs. Also plant trees (not conifers); protect in exposed sites with protection sheeting and canes.  Prune conifers.  Take hardwood cuttings of all shrubs.

Roses Plant at end of month.  Take cuttings of all species, ramblers, and some floribunda roses.

Perennials Tidy borders,  cut back plants and remove old stems and leaves.  Divide and replant overgrown perennials that have finished flowering.  Scatter organic slug pellets before slugs start laying eggs.  Lift stools of outdoor-flowering chrysanthemums and store in boxes of old soil in cold frames or greenhouses. Bring in tender plants.

Annuals Finish clearing annuals.

Bienniels Complete planting of forget-me-nots, wallflowers, pansies, Canterbury bells and sweet Williams.

Bulbs Continue planting spring-flowering bulbs such as snowdrops,  Iris reticulata,  miniature daffodils, crocus and chionodoxa.  Tulips can be left until late autumn.  Divide  overgrown clumps of lilies;  cut off stems when they begin to fade.  Feed bearded irises with potash.  Cut down dahlias,  lift tubers and store.  Cut down stems of gladioli,  lift, and store in a frost-free place.

Fruit Start planting new fruit bushes and trees.  Take hardwood cuttings of gooseberries.

Vegetables Sow more winter lettuces.  Cover carrots sown in late summer with cloches.  Feed Brussels sprouts and winter cabbages.  Draw soil up stems of Brussels sprouts.  Pick off yellowing cabbage leaves.  Gather last runner beans and marrows before the frosts set in and clear away plants.  Lift last of maincrop potatoes.  Dig up maincrop carrots, swedes and turnips.

Herbs Raise new plants of lemon balm by division.  Plant tarragon.  For a winter supply,  sow chervil under glass and pot some roots of mint,  placing them in a sunny window.

Lawns Sow new lawns before the start of the cold weather,  and resew worn areas.  Aerate and top-dress existing lawns.  Mow with blades set at medium height. Trees and Shrubs Plant or transplant all types of evergreen trees or shrubs apart from conifers.  After gales check climbers and young trees are still fastened and secure. Roses [...]]]>

Lawns Sow new lawns before the start of the cold weather,  and resew worn areas.  Aerate and top-dress existing lawns.  Mow with blades set at medium height.
Trees and Shrubs Plant or transplant all types of evergreen trees or shrubs apart from conifers.  After gales check climbers and young trees are still fastened and secure.
Roses Dead-head to encourage late flowers.  Tie in new shoots on climbers, and check for diseases.
Perennials Dead-head and cut down all dead stems.  Move late flowering chrysanthemums to the greenhouse and dig up early type varieties and put them in the cold frame.  Plant young hardy border carnations.
Annuals Clear away all plants that have finished flowering.
Biennuals Plant out biennials grown from seed  in separate beds.
Bulbs Plant spring-flowering bulbs.  Pot indoor bulbs such as prepared hyacinths, daffodils and tulips for flowering in winter and early spring.  Water dahlias in dry spells.
Fruit Prepare ground for winter planting of fruit trees and bushes.  Prune any secondary growth on apple and pear trees.  Cut away dead wood on sweet cherry trees and shorten the shoots pinched back  in early summer.
Vegetables Sow winter lettuces and spring cabbages.  Lift onions amd ripen off under glass.  Pick French beans and runner beans.  Feed leeks again with organic fertilizer.  Spray Brussel sprouts,  Savoy and winter cabbages,  cauliflowers and broccoli against caterpillars and cabbage whitefly.  Encourage the last tomatoes to ripen by removing some of the plant leaves.  Continue digging up maincrop potatoes.  Remove greenhouse shading and reduce ventilation.
Herbs Outdoors,  plant rue and thyme and sow angelica and lovage.  Gather fennel seed heads for drying.  Under glass sow summer savory.  Root sage cuttings in a cold frame.

Lawns Mow regularly, water during dry spells. Apply organic weedkiller and fertilizer.

Trees and Shrubs Keep soil around the shrubs and trees well watered.  Clip Lavender bushes after flowering.  Cut back wisteria.

Perennials Make [...]]]> This calendar pinpoints the essential tasks of the seasons and suggests  plants to provide colour throughout the year.

Lawns Mow regularly, water during dry spells. Apply organic weedkiller and fertilizer.

Trees and Shrubs Keep soil around the shrubs and trees well watered.  Clip Lavender bushes after flowering.  Cut back wisteria.

Perennials Make sure perenials never dry out, particularly autumn-flowering species such as Michaelmas daises, golden rod and heleniums. Dead head all faded flowers not needed for their seeds. Keep chrysanthemums well supported and tied in; continue to disbud.

Roses Prune ramblers after flowering.  Continue to spray  against mildew and watch out for suckers which should be removed.

Annuals Dead-head regularly and water well in dry spells.

Biennials Dead-head regularly and water  well.  Remove plants that have finished flowering.

Bulbs Plant crocus corms as soon as they are available at stockists;  replant any established bulbs previously removed  to make room for annuals in the position you want them to flower.  Continue to dead-head and tie in dahlias; rub out young buds on side shoots.

Fruit Continue summer pruning of trained apple and pear trees.  Prune peach trees after fruiting and tie in replacement shoots.  Plant new strawberry plants, and plant runners from established plants.  Continue to cut back raspberry canes after fruiting to just above soil level; support new canes  and sprinkle organic fertilizer on surrounding soil. Prune black currant bushes.

Vegetables As you harvest your vegetable crops,  prepare the ground for more cultivation.  It is still possible to sow lettuces, radishes, spinach and turnips.  Sow carrots and onions (to be covered with cloches later)  for harvesting in winter. Early in the month sow spring cabbages  and winter greens.  Feed Brussel sprouts  with general fertilizer.  Water runner beans, spray them against blackfly and give them a liquid feed.  Spray brassicas against cabbage white catapillars and aphids.  Liquid soap diluted in water works well in my experience.  Earth up trench-blanching  celery. Start lifting main crop potatoes.  Fumigate greenhouses to erradicate pests and diseases.

Flower colour Early flowering chrysanthemums, begonias, heleniums, marigolds, lobelias, sunflowers, lilies, heathers, buddleias.